In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, at the bottom of page 467, Linnaeus wrote that the names of the Danai festivi, the division of the genus to which Papilio plexippus belonged, were derived from the sons of Aegyptus. In Homeric Greek, his name means "one who urges on horses", i.e., "rider" or " charioteer". In 1780, Jan Krzysztof Kluk used the monarch as the type species for a new genus, Danaus.ĭanaus ( Ancient Greek Δαναός), a great-grandson of Zeus, was a mythical king in Egypt or Libya, who founded Argos Plexippus ( Πλήξιππος) was one of the 50 sons of Aegyptus, the twin brother of Danaus. The monarch was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae of 1758 and placed in the genus Papilio. The name "monarch" is believed to have been given in honor of King William III of England, as the butterfly's main color is that of the king's secondary title, Prince of Orange. 15.2.1 National Cooperative Highway Research Program report.13.2.1 Habitat loss due to herbicide use and genetically modified crops.13.2 Eastern and midwestern monarch populations.In 2009, monarchs were reared on the International Space Station, successfully emerging from pupae located in the station's Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus. The western North American population of monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains often migrates to sites in southern California, but individuals have been found in overwintering Mexican sites, as well. During the fall migration, monarchs cover thousands of miles, with a corresponding multigenerational return north in spring. The eastern North American monarch population is notable for its annual southward late-summer/autumn instinctive migration from the northern and central United States and southern Canada to Florida and Mexico. A Müllerian mimic, the viceroy butterfly, is similar in color and pattern, but is markedly smaller and has an extra black stripe across each hindwing. Its wings feature an easily recognizable black, orange, and white pattern, with a wingspan of 8.9–10.2 cm ( 3 + 1⁄ 2–4 in). It is amongst the most familiar of North American butterflies and an iconic pollinator, although it is not an especially effective pollinator of milkweeds. Other common names, depending on region, include milkweed, common tiger, wanderer, and black-veined brown. The monarch butterfly or simply monarch ( Danaus plexippus) is a milkweed butterfly ( subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae.
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